砂生槐单粒种子DNA的快速提取及RAPD检测

为探讨快速提取种子DNA的有效方法,以砂生槐单粒种子为试验材料,在传统CTAB法基础上建立一种快速提取DNA的方法,并通过紫外分光光度法、凝胶电泳和RAPD-PCR检测所提基因组DNA。结果表明:快速法提取得到了质量较好、浓度及纯度较高的DNA,可以满足分子生物学实验的要求。此方法操作方便、快捷,是一种有效的砂生槐种子的DNA提取方法。     

中药渣堆肥中拮抗真菌的筛选、鉴定

以发酵后的中药渣为试材,采用稀释涂布平板法进行初筛,通过平板对峙法进行复筛,研究了具有拮抗特性真菌的形态学特征、生理生化特征、18S rDNA分子生物学特征,并检验了拮抗真菌对立枯丝核菌的抑制能力,以期资源化利用中药渣中有生防作用的菌种资源。结果表明:从中药渣中得到了7株对立枯丝核菌有抑制作用的拮抗真菌,F-1为柠檬青霉,F-2为黄曲霉,F-3为塔拉木霉菌,F-4为棘曲霉,F-5为深褐娭姆斯菌,F-6为烟曲霉,F-7为Albifimbria viridis。其中,F-3可产IAA;F-7可以解有机磷。     

苦参毛状根的诱导培养及氧化苦参碱含量的测定

本文主要利用三种发根农杆菌A4、15834、R1601诱导苦参产生毛状根,初步为建立苦参的毛状根培养体系提供参考。本实验采用共培养法,考察了不同外植体、菌种、培养时间对苦参毛状根诱导率的影响,并对苦参毛状根中氧化苦参碱进行初步的含量测定。研究结果表明,苦参毛状根的最佳诱导条件是以生长1周的苦参幼芽为外植体,R1601为菌株,添加100μmol/l的乙酰丁香酮,侵染20 min,(25±1)℃暗处诱导,最终测定诱导率最高为27.6%,存活率为45.8%,而苦参毛状根中氧化苦参碱的富集量为1.68mg/g(苦参毛状根干重),未检测到苦参碱。     

Microscopical Study of the Destructuring of Waxy Maize and Smooth Pea Starches by Shear and Heat at Low Hydration

Smooth pea and waxy maize starches were processed under controlled temperature (<160 °C) conditions at low moisture content (30%) using a rheometer with pre-shearing, to simulate extrusion. Specific mechanical energy was measured and remained lower than 10³J/g. Starch modification was analysed at different structural levels by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, light microscopy and at the granular level by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal inputs induced crystallite melting and internal disorganisation of granular structure, whereas mechanical input (SME>10²J/g) induced granule fragmentation. Under shearing and heating, the concomitant destructuring mechanisms led to a higher rate of modification. Fragmentation itself induced only partial loss of crystallinity (<50%). Small fragments finally melted due to a local temperature increase contributed by interparticular friction. Susceptibility to fragmentation was related to the mechanical properties of starch granules associated with their architecture and botanical origin.     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优选贞芪颗粒提取工艺及促生长作用初步研究

（目的）开发一种具有促生长作用的新中兽药贞芪颗粒,优化其提取工艺并对其促生猪生长作用进行初步研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。（方法）以总多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、特女贞苷、红景天苷、干膏得率作为评价指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法（CRITIC）、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,根据其正交试验结果优化贞芪颗粒提取工艺参数。将100头保育猪随机分为5组,通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的颗粒,连续喂养30天,与空白组和阳性对照组对比,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料肉比（F: G）。（结果）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺参数为复方药材加12-13倍质量的水提取3次（第一次13倍）,每次2.5 h。3批验证试验综合评分均值为98.91,RSD为0.79%。经过30天饲喂,高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组的料重比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但都显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其中中剂量组的料重比最低。（结论）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观、真实,优选出的贞芪颗粒提取工艺经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好,此工艺条件下制备的颗粒对生猪具有促进生长的作用。     

Internal structure and pigment granules in colored alpaca fibers

Alpaca fibers have some distinct properties such as softness and warmth, which have not been fully understood in combination with the fiber internal structures. In the present investigation, the internal structures of alpaca fibers have been closely examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), especially in the longitudinal direction. The results showed that numerous pigment granules reside loosely inside pockets in brown and dark-brown alpaca fibers. These pigment granules were mainly distributed inside the cortical cells, the medullation regions as well as underneath the cuticles. Their size in the brown alpaca fibers was smaller and more uniformly round than in the dark-brown fibers. These granules in colored alpaca fibers loosen the bundle of cortical cells, providing many crannies in the fibers which may contribute to the superior flexibility, warmth and softness of the fibers. Moreover, there are no heavy metal elements found in the granules. The mordant hydrogen peroxide bleaching employed could eliminate the pigment granules and create many nano-volumes for further dyeing of fibers into more attractive colors.     

西藏砂生槐种子萌发特性研究

自然条件下藏砂生槐种子萌发比较困难，不同收获年份砂生槐种子发芽率不同，砂生槐种子的休眠由种皮障碍所致，物理处理比化学处理发芽率高，最佳处理为刀刺破种皮及砂布磨擦种皮发毛（用具消毒），发芽率可达90％和83％。     

氧化苦参碱和苦参碱含量在苦参生长发育过程中的动态变化

苦参Sophora flavescens为多年生草本或灌木,其根入药.为了揭示氧化苦参碱(Oxmatrine,OMT)和苦参碱(Matrine,MT)在苦参体内代谢转化规律及两者之间的关系,为人工栽培苦参提供理论依据,运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对苦参根、茎、叶、种子生长发育过程中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱含量动态变化进行了全面的研究.结果表明.根和成熟种子中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱含量最高,苦参碱主要分布在幼嫩的叶和茎中,而在成熟和衰老的叶和茎中苦参碱则转化为较为稳定的氧化苦参碱.在根和种子等贮藏器官中则主要以氧化苦参碱的形式贮存,并且根和种子中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱含量以及相同器官2种生物碱含量变化呈现互补的特点,由此推断,叶中形成的氧化苦参碱和苦参碱在向根和种子运输分配时受其生长竞争的影响,它们之间可以相互转化.     

聊红国槐谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性测定的研究

用直接测定法测定聊红国槐、国槐、龙爪槐、黄金槐样品谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,其中以聊红国槐最高、龙爪槐活性最低.同时探讨了不同条件下的聊红国槐谷胱甘肽过氧化酶的活性高低,这一结果为今后研究该酶在国槐上的应用奠定了试验基础,为研究乔木树种中的GSH-Px活性情况提供理论依据.     

双黄杀毒退烧颗粒对畜禽免疫功能的影响

研究了纯中药复方抗病毒制剂--双黄杀毒退烧颗粒对成年兔、鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫功能的影响.HI抗体检测、MTT实验、E-玫瑰花环形成试验和酯酶染色试验的结果表明,双黄杀毒退烧颗粒能显著增强家兔的体液免疫作用,明显提高家兔和鸡的细胞免疫功能,对家兔的免疫增强作用优于鸡.